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Natron mad rass12/27/2022 ![]() There is a long list of xylanolytic bacterial and mold species with very few yeasts that can utilize xylan as a sole carbon source. The paper and pulp industry particularly requires cellulase-free xylanase so that the quality of the product is not affected during pulping and/or bleaching. Indeed, xylanases are applied in many food-related processes such as juice clarification, the extraction of oils and starch from plant materials and to improve silage and feed quality. Xylanases also find an array of applications with the supplementation of cellulase or applied as cellulase-free preparation. Endo-β-xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) releases xylooligosaccharides from the xylan backbone the product of this enzyme is taken up by β-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.37) to release D-xylose. Xylan is the most abundant hemicellulose and is degraded by the activity of xylanases into heterogenous mixtures of sugars. In plant cell walls, hemicellulose is also present in large quantities, along with cellulose. Scheme for producing biofuels from CCPRM using cellulolytic and xylanolytic yeasts. Figure 1 depicts a scheme for producing biofuels (ethanol and butanol) from cellulose-containing plant raw materials (CCPRM) using cellulolytic and xylanolytic yeasts. Therefore, cellulolytic yeasts are in high demand, yet few cellulolytic yeast strains have been reported. Cellulosic fuel is yet available commercially on large scale however, it remains a topic of extensive research globally. The ability of the yeast to withstand environmental conditions, particularly acidic media, renders it a candid organism for biofuel production. Glucose and other simple sugars released by the action of cellulase on cellulose can be utilized as a low-cost fermentation substrate to produce ethanol and other value-added products. Cellulases have received enormous attention considering their wide range of industrial applications. Ĭellulose, the world’s most abundant biopolymer and a huge feedstock of chemicals and energy, is hydrolyzed into oligo-, di- and monosaccharides by the activity of endoglucanase, exoglucanases and β-glucosidase, which are collectively referred to as cellulase. ![]() ![]() Moreover, yeast is preferred over bacteria for fermentative production owing to the easier downstream processes and the tolerance of yeast to bacterial or viral contamination. Yet, yeasts provide several advantages as an enzyme producer, particularly for cellulases and xylanases, as yeast is considered a model eukaryotic group that can be cultivated in a relatively shorter period than molds and are easy to manipulate genetically. Amongst various groups of microorganisms, the enzymatic potential of yeasts remains less explored than their bacterial and mold counterparts. ![]() The diversity of microorganisms in natural habitats, particularly with harsh environmental or chemical conditions, offers vast opportunities for exploration, as these habitats are the source of novel strains that can produce industrially important biomolecules including enzymes. ![]()
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